Comparing Frank Baum’s Dorothy Gale of the Oz series and Lewis Carroll’

Comparing Frank Baum’s Dorothy Gale of the Oz series and Lewis Carroll’s Alice of Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll’s Alice and Frank Baum’s Dorothy are two of the most well-known and well-loved heroines of all time. At first glance, both Alice and Dorothy appear to be rather accurate renditions of actual little girls who embark on their own adventures in strange and fantastical lands. However, closer scrutiny reveals that only one of these characters is a true portrayal of what a little girl is really like, while the other is but a fulfillment of what most girls would only dream of being like. Like many young girls across the world, both today and in centuries past, it seems that Alice was taught the etiquette that all proper young ladies should follow. Throughout the novel, we see Alice in conflict with certain societal rules – there are several occasions when she is frustrated with what others say and do to her. But only those privy to her innermost thoughts (i.e., the readers) are capable of seeing her true feelings on any matter, for she remains, with the exception of an episode at the end of the text, extremely courteous to all those she meets. One of the passages that clearly describes this general acquiescence is when Alice sees the Duchess after meeting the King and Queen on the croquet-ground: â€Å"Tut, tut, child!† said the Duchess. â€Å"Every thing’s got a moral, if only you can find it.† And she squeezed herself up closer to Alice’s side as she spoke. Alice did not much like her keeping so close to her: first, because the Duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin on Alice’s shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin. However, she did not like to b... ...relate to a child’s need for escape from the educational system, even if only through a book.) While both Alice and Dorothy are meant to be portraits of typical young girls, I believe that they represent two different facets of a young girl’s nature. Carroll’s Alice undoubtedly portrays the true image of what real young girls are like, possessing some qualities that may not be considered extremely attractive but are nevertheless present in the lives of young women. On the other hand, Baum’s Dorothy is more fantastic, a heroine who encompasses all the qualities that any young girl would like to have but cannot always attain. Together, then, the two characters make up everything that a young girl is — the influences and restrictions that society places on her, the unspoken thoughts that she has when speaking to others, the dreams that she wishes to aspire to.

Psy/310 Perspectives Paper Essay

Each psychological perspective has pioneers who have done the research to not only present the perspective, but to also prove how beneficial it is. John B. Watson is one of the great pioneers who created and popularized the behavioral perspective. He had many followers who believed in what he said, including B.F. Skinner. Although Skinner was truly influenced by Watson, he had his own ideas and theories that he later proved to be extremely persuasive. With the domination of the behavioral perspective, there also came skepticism, including one skeptic by the name of Edward C. Tolman. Tolman later introduced cognitive psychology, which is still a staple in modern day psychology. John B. Watson did not have the most ideal childhood. Perhaps this is why he later went on to become the mouthpiece for the movement that came to be called behaviorism (Goodwin, 2008, p. #338). He was born in 1878, just outside of Greenville, South Carolina. His father was a farmer with severe issues, such as a lcoholism, adultery, and anger. His mother was an extremely religious woman who pushed a future in the faith onto Watson. Although Watson was a bright young man, entering Furman University at the age of 16, he was well known as a troublemaker. Watson went on to earn his master’s degree in 1900 before entering the University of Chicago. His intention was to study philosophy and psychology but later decided to focus on functionalist psychology. Watson had a profound interest in animals and found himself extremely comfortable in studying their behaviors, rather than those of human subjects. Watson’s doctoral dissertation, codirected by Henry Donaldson and James Angell, was a study of the relationship between cortical development and learning in young white rats (Goodwin, 2008, p. #338). White rats were thought to be incapable of â€Å"associative learning† because their brains contained very few myelinated axons. Watson’s studies later proved this to be wrong, in fact, proving that a white rat’s ability to form associations improved in their fourth week of life, as opposed to the first few weeks. Watson later published his results as Animal Education: An Experimental Study of the Psychical Development of the White Rat, Correlated with the Growth of Its Nervous System. This publication earned him his doctorate and the opportunity to remain at the University of Chicago as an instructor. Burrhus Frederick Skinner’s upbringing was a little different than that of John B. Watson. Skinner was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His father was a successful lawyer and his mother was a homemaker, together they were a very image conscious married couple who often worried about what others thought. Skinner was a very intelligent individual and an independent thinker. He questioned anything that was not supported with sound evidence. His high school principle strongly recommend ed him to New York’s Hamilton College, stating that Skinner was â€Å"passionately fond of arguing with his teachers. He is quite a reader and although I do not think he actually supposes himself wiser than his teachers, I have found him [to give] that impression†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (as cited in Goodwin, 2008, p. #383). After his initial unhappiness with Hamilton’s atmosphere, Skinner realized that he had a passion for creative writing. Skinner decided to take a year off after his graduation to just write. He moved back home with his parents and later referred to this time as his â€Å"dark year†. Skinner’s parents were concerned about what people thought of their son moving back home without a job, while Skinner was concerned with the pressure of his parents expecting him to be productive in this year. In this year, Skinner read a number of articles and became intrigued with behaviorism. This intrigue motivated him to pursue graduate studies in psychology at Harvard. As Skinner moved up the ladder, from a graduate student to a university fellow, his attitude toward authority never changed. Not impressed by the work of E.G. Boring, he referred to Boring’s perception course as â€Å"simply painful† and lamented that Boring spent three entire lectures explaining a single visual illusion (Goodwin, 2008, p. #384). Skinner published his first book in 1938, The Behavior of Organisms, which summarized his years of research at Harvard. He later returned to Harvard, in 1948, and remained active until his death in 1990. Edward C. Tolman was born in 1886 in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts. Tolman came from a very stable and healthy family. His father was a successful business executive, while his mother provided a solid moral foundation for the family. Tolman was extremely intelligent and talented, graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1911 with a degree in electrochemistry. There were two reasons why Tolman decided to stray from a career in the field of electrochemistry. The first reason was the competition that would ensue with his brother, Richard Tolman, who later contributed to the development of the atomic bomb during World War II (Goodwin, 2008, p. #364). The second reason lies in Tolman’s discovery of William James, often referred to as the father of American psychology. Following his graduation from MIT, Tolman enrolled in two summer courses at Harvard. The first was a philosophy course and the second was an introductory course in psychology. Robert Yerkes was the professor for this psychology course. Not only the professor, but also the reason Tolman was sold on psychology and decided to enter graduate school at Harvard. Tolman went on to earn his doctorate degree in 1915 from H arvard. Watson’s publication, Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology, made Tolman see behaviorism as an attractive alternative to the traditional introspective psychology he was encountering in Hugo Munsterberg’s laboratory (Goodwin, 2008, p. #364). Edward Holt was a major influence on the Tolman’s beliefs. Holt believed that Watsonian behaviorism was too reductionistic and argued that behavior should be defined more broadly as actions that serve some purpose (Goodwin, 2008). Great deals of Holt’s beliefs were adopted by Tolman and later became the core of Tolman’s theory of learning. Later on, Tolman would be launched down the behavioristic slope after being given the opportunity to develop a new course and remembering Yerks’ course and Watson’s textbook. With such different backgrounds growing up, these three men definitely have similarities they share as well. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman each have their own connection to the behaviorist perspective in one way or another. Watson and Skinner each believe that an individual’s behavior can be conditioned in certain ways. For example, Watson was a firm believer in classical conditioning, while Skinner developed operant conditioning. After extensive research on animals, particularly rats, Watson performed an experiment on Little Albert to test his theory or classical conditioning. Aside from the ethical issues of experimenting on an infant, Watson was successful in proving his theory correct. Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear, not only the white furry rat, but anything else that resembled the rat in any way. This fear was elicited by the loud noise that was associated with the presence of the furry rat. Skinner’s beliefs differed in the sense that he believed an individual’s behavior is influenced primarily by the consequence following that particular behavior. For example, if it is a negative effect the behavior is less likely to occur again. If it is a positive consequence that follows that behavior, the chances of the behavior repeating are more likely. This is the premise of operant conditioning. Tolman’s trademark was little different because he introduced the cognitive theory to the world of psychology. Tolman too performed experiments on rats and their ability to run through complex mazes in order to gain a different type of understanding on how their brains register and use the knowledge they obtain. Repetition of the same routines everyday are overlooked. It is only when something is sought after in these routines that an individual or animal is able to recognize what they have previously learned. This is what Tolman believed to be a type of cognitive learning. Although primary behaviorism therapy is not popular today, behaviorism has been incorporated with cognitive therapy to develop cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of treatment that focuses on examining the relationships between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Duckworth, MD & Freedman, MD, 2012, p. #1). This is a very popular type of therapy today, especially with treating schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and also different types of anxiety disorders. One of the greatest benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy is the ability to allow the patient to work with the clinician in developing the most useful treatment plan. It is almost like an active intervention where the patie nt is a little more active in the planning of treatment options. This can sometimes require the patient to do different types of homework on their own. Watson, Skinner, and Tolman have definitely opened up the psychology world to so many different perspectives and theories. Although each perspective may have its different flaws or drawbacks, together they contribute what each lacks when standing alone. Without Watsons initial research, Skinner may not have been influenced to theorize such perspectives as operant conditioning. In turn, Tolman may have not had the chance to develop what we now call cognitive behavioral therapy. Each stepping stone has added a little more history to the world of psychology to make it what it is today. These are just three of the men that can be attributed for the extensive time and research responsible for this said history. References Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Duckworth, MD, K., & Freedman, MD, J.L. (2012, July). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. National Alliance on Mental Illness, N/A (N/A), 1-2. Retrieved from: http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=About_Treatments_and_Supports&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=141590

I Am Studying Depression And Aging Essay - 2140 Words

Throughout life people experience a series of physical and mental modifications that they must face and adapt to. For many, the families they grew up in are very different from the average family of today. The political, social and economic environments of a family 60 years has transformed completely. As people age they often experience changes that adversely affect their health or mental state. Changes people may experience as they age include physical decline, emergence of diseases and disorders, loss of friends and relatives of the same generation. Any of these things can lead to negative feelings which in turn can lead to depression and social isolation, frequent problems in the elderly population. I am studying depression and aging because I want to understand and work toward prevention of depression in elderly people who participate in senior centers. I think it is important to develop a better understanding of how early recognition, diagnosis and treatment can counteract and even prevent emotional and physical consequences of depression. These consequences can complicate existing health problems in the elderly and trigger new concerns in their care. I believe that prevention programs are very important in the management of any social problem. When depression can be prevented, the result can impact the general quality of life of an individual. Based on this topic, one possible research question can be â€Å"Which are the best practices to use in preventing depressionShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Book Spark 1200 Words   |  5 PagesReview of the Book Spark In the book â€Å"Spark† author John J. Ratey, MD describes how exercise can physically help out our brains. Anywhere from doing better on a test, improving grades, combating stress, anxiety, and depression; to helping with addiction, hormonal changes, aging, and mood disorders. Dr. Ratey gives us in his book, scenarios of people who he has treated in his life, and how exercise has transformed them into a better person. He visits a school in Naperville, Illinois, where scienceRead MoreIn Living Organisms, There Is A Common Process That Occurs,1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is known as aging. Aging is process that begins the day that we are born and only ends on the day that die (Woodrow, 2002). It involves gradual physical and psychological changes to the human body and mind, in addition to societal changes. Throughout one’s lifespan, adaptation plays a pivotal role in aging, as many are challenged with limitations throughout. In society today, it is common to he ar people say that they want to age successfully and/or positively. Positive aging refers to feelingRead MoreWhy Zebras Dont Get Ulcers1589 Words   |  7 Pagesstress of a long period of time. 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The Relationship Between Literacy Achievement And Social...

The Relationship Between Literacy Achievement and Social Communication: A Review of the Literature Capstone Research Paper SLP 6070 Research Methods Nova Southeastern University July 24th, 2016 Priya Singh Abstract Schools are social environments in which students learn through collaboration with their teachers and peers (Zins, Bloodworm, Weissberg, Wallberg, 2003). From a preschool to high school, students are forced to collaborate to lead to the sharing of resources and ideas, clarification of directions, and problem solving strategies for academic success. The purpose of this paper is to present current scientific research findings about the relationship between literacy achievement and social communication skills from referee literature. Method: Eight research articles retrieved from the electronic databases: ERIC (ProQuest) and CINAHL Complete. Results: Recent findings indicate that children’s social communication skills is a predictor of literacy success. Keywords: Social Communication, social skills, literacy achievement, school success, Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), pragmatics. Introduction The phenomenon of integrating reading and social skills is not new in public school education (Selman, 2003). What is new, is the recent research of interconnection between literacy and social communication in children. According to ASHA, social cognition, social interaction, pragmatics (verbal and nonverbal communication), and language processing areShow MoreRelatedTechnology Has Changed The Way People Communicate983 Words   |  4 Pagestelephone replaced the telegraph. Today cell phones, email and the Internet top the list of preferred communication methods in society. As more businesses and educational institutions use technology to communicate, society seems to have accepted, if not embraced, the increased role technology now plays in daily lives. Age has an impact on an individual s preferred method of communication. 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Members of these networks use them daily to communicate, share various types of information or to collaborate with other members. Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 and its sole purpose is to give people the power to share and connect with the world.Read MoreLibraries Features Within Childhood And Family Life1465 Words   |  6 Pages‘Literacy and communication skills are vital in society today and early introduction to literacy though a breadth of experiences of rhymes, stories, pictures and books supports these skills.’ (Rankin and Brock, 2015, p1). Rankin and Brock cite that ‘Start with the Child’ (CILIP, 2002) recognised that reading is a central part of the child’s development. 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Before, enrolling in this program, I was apprehensive and unsure of how I would balance work, school, and home, but somehow I managed. I am roughly, two semesters away from my goal and anxiously awaiting everything to come in to fruition. Over the past two years, I have gained a great deal of knowledge and I have expanded my teacher tool-box. Focusing on adult learning, organizational change, professionalRead MoreThe Role of Multicultural Literature Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pageslearning English challenging therefore affecting their literacy learning. Moreover, it becomes difficult for the ELL to do academically well in school. A study done by National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) in 2011 shows there is a significant achievement gap between the reading scores of ELLs and non-ELLs, with the non-ELL’s scores being much more higher than the ELLs( NAEP 2011). There have been many ways argued to help improve ELL’s literacy skills in order to raise their reading scores, one

The Vietnam War and Rock and Roll Music Essay - 1572 Words

Fan blades/helicopter blades rotating slowly above a troubled dreamer, Jim Morrisons voice singing The End... Young soldiers, on their way to Vietnam in the summer of Woodstock, marching on board their plane at Ft. Dix singing Fixing To Die... Correspondent Michael Herr catching helicopter rides out to the firebases, cassette rock and roll in one ear and door- gun fire in the other, or crouched under fire in a rice paddy while Jimi Hendrix music blares from the recorder held by the soldier next to him... Grunts linking arms in a beery E.M. club and screaming out the lyrics to the Animals We Gotta Get Out of This Place... The rock and roll†¦show more content†¦Other songs grew directly out of the Vietnam experience: songs about flying at night along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, defoliating triple-canopy jungle, engaging in firefights with an unseen enemy, or counting the days left in a 365-day tour. In some cases both the words and music were original, usually new lyrics were set to folk, country or popular tunes. Barry Sadlers Ballad of the Green Berets alone spawned dozens of parodies. These songs served as a strategy for survival, as a means of unit bonding and definition, as entertainment, and as a way of expressing emotion. All of the traditional themes of military folksong can be found in these songs: praise of the great leader, celebration of heroic deeds, laments for the death of comrades, disparagement of other units, and complaints about incompetent officers and vainglorious rear-echelon personnel. Like soldiers and sailors from time immemorial they sang of epic drinking bouts and encounters with exotic young women. Songs provided a means for the expression of protest, fear and frustration, of grief and of longing for home. Some of the songs show empathy with the enemy; Chip Dockery, who served with the 13th Tactical Fighter Squadron at Udorn, wrote a superb series of songs from the point of the North Vietnamese truck drivers on the Ho Chi Minh trail. Others display a kind of black humor mixed with violence: Strafe the Town and Kill theShow MoreRelated The Effects Of War And Music Together Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of War and Music Together How are music and war related? Music puts a voice in the people’s ears, and tells them whether or not we should be involved in that war. It helped out the troops when they were over seas to not be so home sick. Also, every war preceding the Vietnam War had music to help or support the war, but the Vietnam War is where music during wartime changed. The Vietnam War has been called quot;Americas first rock-and-roll warquot; because of rock music that was playedRead More Music During the Vietnam War Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesMusic During the Vietnam War Throughout time, music has been an influential part of society. As a form of entertainment and expression, its impact has always been felt both economically and emotionally. During the Vietnam war, music evolved into more a form of expression rather than pure entertainment. Emotionally charged songs became a method to oppose the war, and vent frustrations. While many songs opposed the war, numerous others focused on peace and happiness. They provided a positiveRead MoreThe Song American Pie Is A Representation Of Loss During The Transition Into The 1960s893 Words   |  4 Pagescountry by using music, faith, and war as examples of the changes and loss his generation faced. 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For example, in America, most people follow the custom of dating. In Israel, they tend to follow the tradition of arranged marriages. Yet, in some countries, they use courtship. Even though all three of these approaches to finding a mate are different, they all are very similar becauseRead More Music Of The 60s Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesof discontent† because of the race riots in Detroit and La, and the demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Other people called it the decade of â€Å"peace, love, and harmony†. It was called this because of the peace movement and the emergence of the flower children. (Britannica) The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashion, new styles of music, civil rights, gay and women’s liberation, Vietnam, Neil Armstrong landing on the m oon, peace marches, sexual freedom, drug experimentation, andRead MoreI Can t Sing It Without Thinking About Syd1647 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I can’t sing it without thinking about Syd.† For the members of the 1960s and 1970s rock and roll band, Pink Floyd, the title track to their album Wish You Were Here uncovers emotional thoughts and feelings regarding their band mate, Syd Barrett, in a highly broad sense. At the height of the Vietnam war, tensions were high in America due to the anti-war movement. For those involved with this movement, a series of different emotions may be evoked from this song. Pink Floyd struggled as an ensembleRead More Youth Rebelliion In The 1950s Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pagesdissatisfied with certain conservative aspects of society and their conduct reflected this. They embraced the rock and roll culture, the new style of music and also the new styles of dancing and dress that were associated with it shocked the older more conservative people. Young people were also quick to protest against the controversial issues of the 1950’s. Civil Rights, the Vietnam War and general politics provided fuel for an already blazing fire. Mass production meant cheaper motorcycles andRead MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, music have defined or depicted the culture and social events in America. Music has constantly played an important role in constituting American culture, where people have expressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relationship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially in

Management Challenges Free Essays

Shrinking budgetary allocation is common in many businesses, which can be caused by external factors such as lack of profit, or internal factors such as a deliberate decision to cut costs. Whichever the cause may be, people tasked with the management of a business should learn how to deal with such eventualities. A choice has to be made and a strategy undertaken in order to ensure that the business would not only survive, but even succeed in its venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shrinking budgets are nothing more than challenges on the management of scarce resources (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). Contrary to instinct and common belief, shrinking budgets do not hinder the productivity of an organization. True, shrinking budgets do demand more efficient actions and grounded decisions, but they also push managers into performing better. Tjosvold and Poon note the opinion of researchers on organizational power and politics to the effect that â€Å"conflicts over scare resources intensify competition (Tjosvold Poon, 1998).† They also claim that conflict over scarce resources lead to effective distribution of resources. The scarcity of resources brought about by the shrinking budget can be productive because of the demand to step up to a higher level. This breeds a sense of competition in the team, which pushes people to work harder to produce better output (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). On the other side of this perspective is one that denies the usefulness of competition (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). This side emphasizes cooperation among members of a management team in order to come up with a business plan that manages the effects of the lowered budget (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). Thus, shrinking budget could lead to unity, cooperation, relationship development and organizational power theorizing (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). Thus, taken in the proper perspective, shrinking budgets could actually raise productivity to a higher level (Tjosvold Poon, 1998). Workplace Diversity Diversity is another aspect of business management that has caught the interest of many practitioners and researchers. Generally, the widely held opinion is one in favor of various kinds of diversity in the workplace, such as gender and cultural diversity (Miller,1999). For example, promoting gender diversity in a business organization is now being considered as an effective way of building good human resources. Women are often seen as a minority in various business firms, since they occupy a small percentage in a corporation’s workforce (Miller,1999). However, present changes are reversing this trend through the increased hiring of women in business organizations (Miller,1999). The policy towards increasing the number of women recruits in business and professional organizations is a positive and bold move that is directed towards removing undue discrimination in the professional setting. Provided that the woman applicant possesses the qualifications required by the available position, there is no reason to choose a male employee possessing the same qualifications over a female employee, if such decision is based solely on the applicants’ genders. Thus, simultaneous with the recognition of the inequalities in society regarding hiring of men and women, promoting gender diversity in the workplace shows a deliberate policy of equalizing the market for men and women alike. Another aspect of diversity is cultural diversity. This concept works optimally for a multinational business, which has business connections in various localities (Miller, 1999). Hiring people from all sorts of cultural backgrounds would allow the business organization to reach out to the locals of the place, thereby increasing the company’s goodwill, and eventually, profit (Miller, 1999). Thus, a company that has sales agents of the same cultural background as the consumers has more chances of capturing that market (Miller, 1999). Cultural diversity also leads to a better understanding by the company of possible issues that lead to misunderstanding and disagreements among people working in the same workplace (Miller, 1999). Thus, it is apparent that cultural diversity can play a major role in promoting the well being of a business organization. It should be noted, however, that the organization must ensure equal treatment to people even though they are coming from different cultural backgrounds (Miller, 1999). This way, cultural diversity would only benefit the business organization, and not hinder its development (Miller, 1999). Ethics and the Organization Ethical principles and policies play a big role in the operations and success of a business organization (Hamner, 2006). While ethics is commonly treated as a legal concept, it deals more with proper behavior of people in any situation (Hamner, 2006). The concern about ethical or unethical behavior of members of a business organization springs from the realization that such behavior has great effects on the success or failure of such organization (Hamner, 2006). In particular, unethical behavior within an organization has adverse effects, which could consist in loss of huge sums of money (Hamner, 2006). The best effect of having a clearly formulated ethical policy and ethical code within an organization is the influence of such policy and code on the conduct and attitude of members of the organization (Hamner, 2006). A strong support by the management in favor of ethical behavior will breed a culture of ethics that would make people value ethics, to the extent that unethical behavior would seen out of place in the organization (Hamner, 2006). To be effective promoters of ethical behavior in a business organization, the management must devise incentive schemes for members of the organization who follow ethical rules (Hamner, 2006). Moreover, the ethical rules and policies should be able to cover all facets of ethical behavior, which includes moral, economic, and legal aspects (Hamner, 2006). In sum, managing business necessarily means that one will have to deal with different challenges, such as shrinking budgets, workplace diversity, and ethical issues. However, all such challenges can be dealt with and used as means to succeed. Proper management would actually make organizations stronger and better once such kinds of challenges are met squarely. References Hamner, M. (2006). Management. Aerospace America. Retrieved October 17, 2007 Miller, S. (1999). Poltical Correctness in the Office. Office Systems 16(4). Tjosvold, D. Poon, M.   (1998). Dealing with Scarce Resources: Open-Minded   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interaction for Resolving Budget Conflicts. Group Organization Management 23(3): 237-255    How to cite Management Challenges, Essay examples

Marketing Starts Essay Example For Students

Marketing Starts Essay Marketing starts with the needs of the Customers and ends with the satisfaction Of the customers Marketing : is the management of creating and exchanging products and value in order to satisfy the needs and wants. ; Marketing satisfy customers at a profit. ; The goal of marketing is (1) to attract new customers by promising superior value (e. G. Ritz-Carlton memorable experiences, Always Coca Colon and (2) to keep current customers by delivering satisfaction. Needs, Wants, and Demands ; Consumers have needs (physical, social, individual etc. Wants, and demands to be satisfied. Consumers view products as bundles of value (benefits) and choose products that give them the best value for their money. E. G. Honda Civic ( transportation, low price, fuel economy; Mercedes ( comfort, luxury, status Products ; A product (persons, places, organizations, activities, ideas) is anything that can satisfy a need or want. Producers must see themselves as providing a solution to a need rather than just selling a product. Otherwise, even a new product satisfies the needs better or less expensively, they would not make none. ; Research is a must to understand the needs and wants of the customers to produce the right product. E. G. At Disney World, each manager spends a day in the park in a Mackey costume or work on the front line taking tickets, selling pop-corn. Creating Customer Value and Satisfaction : Value, Satisfaction, and Quality How do customers choose among these many products? Consumers make choices based on; Value is the difference between owning the product and the cost of obtaining the product, in an way profit to the customer. Customers do not judge product ales objectively, on the contrary they act on perceived value. E. G. Is Hilton really the best hotel company? Satisfaction: is the difference between the products performance and buyers expectations. If the products performance falls short of expectations, the buyer is dissatisfied. Fifth performance matches or exceeds expectations, the buyer is satisfied. Smart companies aim to satisfy customers by promising only what they can give, then giving more than they promise. Benefit Of satisfying customers: Customer satisfaction create an emotional tie (customer loyalty) to a product. Highly satisfied customers make (I) repeat purchases, (2) are less price sensitive, (3) talk positively to their friends. Quality: simply quality can be defined as freedom from defects. Today, most companies define quality in terms of customer satisfaction. E. G. According to Motorola if the customer doesnt like the product, its a defect. Quality starts with customer needs and ends with customer satisfaction, The concept of total quality management is in a away total customer satisfaction. Improving the quality of a product that customers want increases customer satisfaction, Hereford increases profit. Exchange, Transactions, and Relationships ; Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. Exchange (transaction) is the act of getting an object (product, service, idea from someone by giving something in return. ; Marketing should create mutually beneficial relationships (good for both parties) to generate profitable transactions. ; Marketing is the art Of attracting and keeping profitable customers. Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction refers to the extent to wh ich customers are happy with the reduces and services provided by a business. Customer satisfaction levels can be measured using survey techniques and questionnaires. Gaining high levels of customer satisfaction is very important to a business because satisfied customers are most likely to be loyal and to make repeat orders and to use a wide range of services offered by a business. Custom ere foci used Studies carried out by companies like Argos and Caduceus have found very high levels of customer satisfaction. It is not surprising because these companies emphasis market research and marketing as the tools to find out what customers want. Knowing what your customer wants then makes it possible to tailor everything you do to pleasing the customers e. . Providing the goods that customers want, in the packaging that they want, in retail outlets which are convenient to use and well place There are many factors which lead to high levels of customer satisfaction including: ; Products and services which are customer focused and thence provide high levels of value for money. Customer service giving personal attention to the needs of individual customers. ; After sales service following up the original purchase with after sales support such as maintenance and updating (for example in the updating of computer packages). .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .postImageUrl , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:hover , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:visited , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:active { border:0!important; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:active , .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03 .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb8dc009ac7ee09c793b1836ff698a03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby And The American Dream EssayWhat is clear about customer satisfaction is that customers are most likely to appreciate the goods and services that they buy if they are made to feel special. This occurs when they feel that the goods and services that they buy have been specially produced for them or for people like them. This relates to a wide range of products such as razors that are designed for ease of use and good quality finish, petrol products that are environmentally friendly and customized to meet the needs of particular types of engines, etc.